Luis de Gongora y Argote (Cordoba, Spain, 1561-id., 1627). English poet. Born into a wealthy family, studied at the University of Salamanca. Appointed prebendary in the cathedral of Cordoba, played several features that provided the opportunity to travel to Spain. His dissipated life and secular compositions soon won him a reprimand from Bishop (1588).
In 1603 he was in court, which had been moved to Valladolid, eagerly looking for some improvement in their economic situation. At that time, wrote some of his most ingenious letrillas, and caught a fruitful friendship with Pedro Espinosa and engaged in terrible and famous feud with his great rival, Francisco de Quevedo. Definitely settled in the court from 1617, was appointed chaplain of Philip III which, as revealed in his correspondence, did not alleviate their economic difficulties, harass him to death.
Although in his will refers to his "work in prose and verse" has not found any written in prose, except the 124 letters that make up his letters, precious testimony of your time. Although not published during his lifetime almost none of his poetry, they ran hand in hand and were widely read and discussed.
In his early compositions (to 1580) is guessed and the ruthless satire that characterized much of his later work. But light and humorous style of this period will be joined another, elegant and cultured, which appears in the poems dedicated to the tomb of El Greco or the death of Rodrigo Calderon. In the Fable of Pyramus and Thisbe (1617) will produce the perfect union of two registers, which until then had been kept separate.
Between 1612 and 1613 he composed the poems vast solitudes and the Fable of Polyphemus and Galatea, both of extraordinary originality, both thematic and formal. Criticism rained down on these two works, in part directed against highly charged metaphors, and sometimes even "unseemly" for a taste of the time. In a typical feature of the Baroque, but also sparked controversy broke Góngora with all the classic gender distinctions lyrical, epic and even satire. Juan de Jáuregui composed his Antidote against Quevedo Solitudes and attacked him with his malicious poem Anyone who wishes to be educated in one day ... However, Gongora had welcomed the incomprehension with which they were received extensive intricate poems: "Honor has caused me to make me the ignorant dark, that's the distinction of learned men." Gongora
style is certainly very personal, which does not preclude it being considered as a magnificent example of Baroque culteranismo. His speech highlighted by the repeated use of cultism, is the lexical, syntactic is (Accusative imitation of Greek or Latin ablative absolute.) The reading difficulty is accentuated by a profusion of unusual baroque hyperbole, hyperbaton and parallel developments, as well as the extraordinary musicality of alliteration and vocabulary colorful and elaborate.
Its unique use of stylistic devices, which is much criticized, actually delves into a vast lyric tradition that goes back to Petrarch, Mena and Herrera. In the manner of the first, like Gongora of correlations and plurimembraciones, not in the line of balance but in the Renaissance Baroque twist. His circumlocution and architectural vocation all his poetry give it a dark and original, if it is extreme for all the symbolic and mythological Greco-Roman origin.
His fame was enormous during the Baroque, though his prestige and knowledge of his work declined after well into the twentieth century, when the celebration of the tercentenary of his death (in 1927) brought together the best poets and writers of English the time (now known as the Generation of 27) and assumed its final critical reassessment.
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